The individual race is the most popular race format in the United States. An individual race typically has e a minimum of three ascents and descents for men and women, and 2 for juniors. The longest ascent should not account for more than 50% of the total elevation gain of the event. Race times vary depending on the event, but top racers should complete the event in 1.5-2 hours, with a minimum elevation gain of 1,300 meters (4,500 feet). The individual race should also contain at least one section on-foot (skis on pack).

Similar to the Individual race, but of greater length and must be completed with a partner. Total elevation gain should be at least 2,100 meters (7,000 feet), and finish times should be 3-3.5 hours for the top team.

In the team event, a team (composed of two racers) must at all times race together, and must finish together. During ascents, team members must not be separated by more than 30 seconds, and during descents no more than 10 seconds. Team members must leave all checkpoints and transitions together, and must finish within 5 seconds of each other. Formats may vary, see specific race information for event details.

The sprint race is a short-format event consisting of a skin section, a booting section, and a clearly marked gate descent.

As the title implies, this is a very fast race, and is based on completing the total course in approximately 3 minutes for the fastest racers. The total ascent and descent is about 100m, with athletes starting and finishing in almost the same point. The first round is an individual qualification with athletes starting one after the other every 20 seconds, after the qualifying round athletes face each other in heats of 6.

Although the ascent is usually on well packed snow, the descent is supposed to be fun and can be off-piste, with gates and with small jumps.

Sprint races typically have qualifying phases, quarter-finals, semi-finals and a final round. Races have a maximum of six athletes per heat.

The vertical race is a single ascent completed entirely on skis using skins, no boot packing or downhill skiing is involved. Vertical gain should be 500-700 meters (1,600-2,300 feet) for men and women, and 400-500 meters (1,300-1,600 feet) for juniors.

It is a race to the top and should not exceed a height gain of more than 700m.

The relay takes place in a team of 3 or 4 competitors, but with members of the team carrying out the ‘circuit’ one after the other, with each athlete racing once. Again, this is quite a fast event, with each circuit lasting about 15 minutes, including 2 ascents and descents, and a short section with the skis on the rucksack.

The total height gain is about 150 to 180m.